Literature
Why Superman Does Not Serve as a Good Example of Nietzsche’s übermensch
Why Superman Does Not Serve as a Good Example of Nietzsche’s übermensch
Throughout the history of philosophy, Friedrich Nietzsche’s concept of the übermensch or Superman has captivated readers with its compelling vision of a superior human being. Nietzsche's characterization of the übermensch goes beyond mere physical prowess or intellectual acumen. Instead, it emphasizes self-overcoming, moral courage, and the creation of one’s own values. In recent years, popular culture has embraced Superman, arguably the most recognizable superhero, as the epitome of heroic virtue. However, this iconic figure falls short in embodying the true essence of Nietzsche’s übermensch. This article examines why Superman is not a suitable example of Nietzsche’s philosophical ideal.
Understanding Nietzsche’s übermensch
Nietzsche’s übermensch represents a transformative being who transcends the conventional moral and social constructs that limit human potential. The übermensch is characterized by several key qualities:
Morality and Individuality
The übermensch rejects traditional moral doctrines and the herd mentality, which Nietzsche viewed as inhibiting self-realization. Instead, the übermensch creates their own values and overcomes the tragic flaws that hinder the human condition, particularly the Stimmung (misery, gloom) often inherited from one’s upbringing and environment.
Moral Courage and Resilience
A central aspect of the übermensch is their moral courage, which involves the willingness to face and conquer inner fears and external obstacles. Unlike Superman’s superhuman abilities, which negate the psychological and emotional challenges, the übermensch must confront and transform their own weaknesses and fears through rigorous and self-sacrificial effort.
Self-Overcoming and Transcendence
The übermensch’s journey involves a continuous process of self-overcoming to achieve a higher level of existence. They are not passive recipients of a predetermined destiny but active creators of their own path. This concept contrasts sharply with Superman, who possesses built-in moral clarity and a predetermined ethical framework provided by the fictitious Kryptonian society.
The Flaws in Superman’s Character
Superman, created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, has been a cultural icon for over eight decades. His story has undergone numerous adaptations, but the core narrative remains constant: Superman is a flourishing übermensch by default due to his Kryptonian heritage. However, this portrayal raises several questions about his suitability as a philosophical example.
Superhuman Abilities and Moral Inclination
Superman's superhuman abilities are a significant factor that deems him unsuitable as an übermensch. Unlike the übermensch, who must struggle against their inner demons and external forces, Superman’s powers negate the need for such struggle. Nietzschean heroism requires vulnerability, growth, and transformation, while Superman embodies invincibility and inherent perfection.
Inherent Moral Clarity and Uniform Ethical Standards
The Kryptonian codes of honor that guide Superman’s actions during his relationship with Lois Lane or battles against Lex Luthor offer a pre-determined ethical framework. This does not reflect the übermensch’s ability to create their own values and navigate complex moral dilemmas. Superman’s heroism is derived from adherence to pre-existing moral codes, rather than the self-determined path of the übermensch.
The Role of Subjectivity in Nietzsche’s übermensch
The übermensch is a subjective concept, embodying Nietzsche’s assertion that “I should love the earth; I would will to love it even if it kept me in chains and starvation both—provided I might create something through the hard work of my hands and might love and might wish what I willed.” This aspect of subjectivity and self-creation places Superman at an inherent disadvantage. His actions and decisions are driven by external motivations and powers rather than a self-generated will.
Contrasting Superman with an Ideal übermensch
To better illustrate the differences, consider a hypothetical example of a modern-day übermensch. Such a person would be someone who has overcome severe personal challenges, such as abuse, poverty, or mental illness, and has leveraged these struggles to achieve exceptional goals. Their journey would be marked by moral courage, continuous self-overcoming, and the creation of their own values. Unlike Superman, this individual would not rely on divine or superhuman intervention but would embody the spirit of Nietzsche’s philosophy.
Conclusion
In summary, while Superman is an inspiring and enduring cultural icon, he does not serve as an ideal representation of Nietzsche’s übermensch. The übermensch’s journey is one of personal struggle, self-overcoming, and the creation of one’s own values, qualities that Superman inherently lacks due to his superhuman abilities and pre-existing moral codes. As we continue to explore the depths of Nietzsche’s philosophy, it is important to recognize the complexity and subjectivity inherent in the concept of the übermensch.