Why Is 'Wuthering Heights' Considered a Classic of Gothic Romanticism?

Wuthering Heights, despite its controversial subject matter, has evolved over time to be recognized as a classic work of literature. This novel, penned by Emily Bronte, stands as a fascinating blend of local charm and supernatural elements, reflecting the author's profound connection with the English moors. In this article, we delve into why this novel is a classic of Gothic Romanticism and why it has captured the imaginations of generations.

Understanding the Novel's Relevance

People who initially overlooked Wuthering Heights often did so because of its shocking subject matter and purportedly immature love story. However, it was only through the lens of time and agnostic/atheistic analysis that academics began to see the novel as a mature and complex work of literature. The novel's themes, including racism, sexism, child abuse, and domestic violence, are still relevant today and contribute to its enduring popularity.

The Setting and Cultural Context

Emily Bronte drew inspiration from her own experiences in the English moors, a region that she knew intimately. This personal connection is evident in the natural beauty of the setting and the pagan beliefs that permeate the story. Bronte’s work is a reflection of the wild, untamed nature of the moors, and she imbues the characters of Cathy and Heathcliff with a primal, almost pagan quality, making them almost indistinguishable from the landscape itself.

The Narrative Technique

Bronte's narrative technique is innovative and multi-layered. She frames the story with a first-person account, telling the story through the eyes of a middle-aged working-class housemaid, Nelly Dean. This framing device allows for a dual perspective, blending the narrative with a direct, often harsh and unfiltered, description of life at Wuthering Heights. This technique not only adds depth to the story but also serves to heighten the dramatic and emotional intensity of the narrative.

Humor and Dark Humor in Gothic Romanticism

The novel is filled with humor, particularly in the early scenes as the narrator, Mr. Lockwood, is introduced to the world of Wuthering Heights. This dark humor, which occasionally lightens the tone of the story, is a hallmark of Gothic Romanticism. It is also a technique used in modern horror films, where light-hearted moments are used to build anticipation for the horrors to come. This method serves to create a sense of unease and emotional resonance with the reader.

Language and Dialect

Bronte's versatile use of language is another reason why Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece. She wrote in multiple dialects, including a rural and working-class Yorkshire dialect, alongside "proper English." This linguistic diversity enhances the authenticity of the narrative and provides a rich tapestry of cultural and social context. The use of dialect adds to the novel's charm and complexity, making it a prime example of how language can be used effectively in literature.

Themes and Complexities

The themes in Wuthering Heights are deeply complex and multifaceted. They include racism, sexism, child abuse, women's limited choices, domestic violence, and more. Bronte's careful use of Victorian allusions to sex acts helps to add a layer of sophistication to the narrative. She avoids more explicit content, making the novel more accessible to a wider audience while still maintaining the intensity of the story.

Classification and Appeal

Wuthering Heights is often placed in the realm of Gothic Romanticism, a genre that focuses on the power and beauty of nature, often perceived as both awe-inspiring and terrifying. This genre appeals to readers who enjoy dark and emotional stories, as opposed to those who prefer lighter, more comedic narratives or realistic depictions of human life. While some fans of Jane Austen might find the novel too macabre, others may be drawn to its supernatural and dramatic elements, making it a favorite among those who appreciate the supernatural and human drama.

Modern Comparisons

Modern analogues to Gothic Romanticism can be found in movies and literature. For instance, films like The Shining and The Changeling, as well as classic novels like Hammer films and The Exorcist, capture the essence of this genre. Additionally, some Italian giallos and Edgar Allan Poe's works also reflect the essence of Gothic Romanticism in their supernatural themes and beautiful, historical settings.

Overall, Wuthering Heights stands as a prime example of Gothic Romanticism, with its rich themes, compelling characters, and intricate narrative structure. Whether read for its historical significance or its enduring appeal, this novel remains a powerful and enigmatic work of literature that continues to captivate readers.