Why Did Victorian Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning Marry in Secret?

Elizabeth Barrett was an invalid and six years older than Robert Browning, who fell in love with her through reading her poetry. However, her stern and controlling father did not want her to ever marry. Yet, Elizabeth and Robert defied this and conducted a discreet courtship, eventually becoming secretly married in 1846.

The Victorian Era and Family Arrangements

The Victorian era was characterized by strict social norms and the importance of family lineage. Weddings, in particular, were carefully arranged, often involving dowries and family consent. This period saw a strong emphasis on marriage based on familial interests rather than personal choice. Elizabeth's father, Josiah, believed that it was his duty to ensure that his daughters would marry suitably, which meant primarily from families of higher social standing. This strict adherence to societal norms left little room for personal relationships such as the one between Elizabeth and Robert.

The Courtship and Secret Marriage

Despite her father's disapproval, Elizabeth and Robert's bond deepened. Through letters and visits, they shared their love and thoughts, further cementing their relationship. The couple's desire to marry was so strong that they decided to do so secretly, separating themselves from their families and seeking a life together. They managed to elope in 1846 and moved to Italy, where they lived until Elizabeth's death in 1861.

The Frustrations and Heartbreak of Their Relationship

The secret marriage was not without its challenges. Prior to their elopement, Elizabeth made many attempts to reconcile with her father, hoping to gain his approval. However, despite her efforts, there was no reconciliation. This lack of familial support made their relationship significantly harder. The couple faced numerous obstacles, including financial difficulties and the constant struggle to keep their relationship private.

The Legacy of Their Love

Elizabeth was disinherited by her father for marrying without his consent, and he never spoke to her again. Yet, the passion and commitment they shared have transcended time and have touched countless generations of readers. Together, they wrote timeless poems that continue to tell the story of their love. Their legacy is not just in the literature they produced, but also in the love story that has captured the imagination of people for over a century.

Robert and Elizabeth's Contentment in Their Union

Contrary to the initial adversity, the couple found immense happiness and productivity in their union. Their secret marriage allowed them to focus solely on each other and their artistic endeavors. They had one son, and together, they produced a wealth of poems that have become classics in literature. Their love story and the poetry they wrote have become timeless, resonating with readers and historians alike. The fact that they remained together despite the familial opposition and social norms of the Victorian era is a testament to the strength of their love.

Conclusion

The secret marriage of Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning serves as a fascinating example of the tension between personal desires and societal expectations in the Victorian era. Their story of love, hardship, and ultimate success is a compelling narrative that continues to captivate readers today. The poems they wrote, filled with emotion and longing, provide a glimpse into their lives and the challenges they faced. Elizabeth's legacy as a poet is inextricably linked to her relationship with Robert, making them a enduring symbol of love and enduring art.