Why Bhishma and Drona Chose the Kauravas’ Side in the Battle of Kurukshetra

The Indian epic Mahabharata recounts the tale of the complex political and personal dynamics that shaped the great conflict at Kurukshetra. Among the many characters whose choices were pivotal, two of the most revered warriors and mentors, Bhishma and Drona, chose to side with the Kauravas. This decision was multifaceted, driven by a blend of loyalty, duty, political ties, and a sense of honor. In this article, we explore the factors that influenced their allegiance and the broader implications of their choices.

Loyalty and Duty

Bhishma, also known as Devavrata, is a figure of immense respect and reverence in Mahabharata. As the granduncle of both the Kauravas and the Pandavas, Bhishma felt a profound sense of duty to support the Kauravas. His dedication to the Kuru dynasty and his vow of celibacy were paramount in his decision. Although he had considerable personal affection for the Pandavas, his primary allegiance was to the Kuru throne, which had been pledged to the Kauravas by his vow of celibacy.

Drona, on the other hand, was primarily a teacher and mentor to the Kauravas and Pandavas alike. His relationship with the Kauravas, especially Duryodhana, was particularly strong. Drona, a master of martial arts, was deeply loyal to Duryodhana, whom he considered a devoted disciple. This sense of obligation and loyalty played a significant role in his decision to support the Kauravas in the conflict.

Political and Familial Ties

Both Bhishma and Drona were deeply entangled in the political landscape of the Kuru dynasty. Their familial ties and the prevailing political situation at the time influenced their decisions profoundly. Bhishma, as the head of the Kuru dynasty, had significant political responsibilities. He believed that supporting the Kauravas was the right course of action for the stability and order of the kingdom, even if it meant grappling with his personal beliefs and affections for the Pandavas.

Similarly, Drona's political and familial ties were complex. He had a long-standing relationship with Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava, who he viewed as a devoted student. Duryodhana's devotion to Drona was a significant factor in Drona's support for the Kauravas. This loyalty and the political landscape of the time were critical in determining Drona's allegiance.

Perceived Justice

Bhishma and Drona believed that the Kauravas were the rightful heirs to the throne of Hastinapura. After the Pandavas were exiled, Bhishma felt that their support was necessary to maintain the order and stability of the kingdom. Their belief in justice and the rightful succession influenced their decision to support the Kauravas, despite their personal sympathies for the Pandavas.

Both warriors were committed to the principles of Kshatriya dharma, the warrior code of conduct. According to this code, it was their duty to fight for their side once a battle was declared, regardless of personal loyalties. Their honor as warriors dictated that they fulfill their obligations on the battlefield, even if it meant supporting a cause they might not fully agree with.

Conclusion

Ultimately, Bhishma and Drona were caught in a complex web of loyalty, duty, and the intricacies of familial relationships. Their choices to side with the Kauravas in the great conflict of Kurukshetra were multifaceted, reflecting their deep sense of duty, honor, and the political and familial ties that bound them. Despite the personal beliefs and affections they had for the Pandavas, their commitment to their sense of justice and their oaths led them to make these decisions, shaping the outcome of the epic battle.