Understanding Exodus 21:20-21 and Other Biblical Laws

Introduction to Biblical Laws

The Book of Exodus in the Bible provides many laws that shape the moral and ethical framework of the Israelites. This article will delve into the meaning and implications of Exodus 21:20-21, while also discussing the broader context of other laws related to property, slavery, and personal injuries. These laws were given by Jehovah God to guide the behavior of His people and uphold justice.

Exodus 21:20-21: The Law Concerning Violence

Exodus 21:20-21 specifically addresses the laws concerning violence. It states that if a person strikes a slave and the slave dies immediately, the master is to be put to death. However, if the slave survives for a day or two, the master is not to be punished, as the slave's life is his own. This law reflects the value of human life, emphasizing that it is not to be taken lightly. It also ensures some measure of justice for the slave in cases where the injury is less severe.

The Purpose of the Law

This law highlights the high value that Jehovah places on life, even in the context of slavery. It aims to prevent the abuse of slaves and ensure that those who cause harm are held accountable. While the law acknowledges that some level of urgency may be appropriate in cases of death, it also provides a safeguard for the master in cases where the injury is not fatal.

Continuation of the Law

The laws in Exodus 21:20-21 are part of a larger set of laws addressing various aspects of life under the Mosaic Law. For instance, Exodus 22 deals with laws related to property, moral principles, and the treatment of animals. It also provides guidance on what to do when there is a personal injury. The laws in Exodus 23, on the other hand, focus on the conduct of the Israelites when they enter the Promised Land and face other peoples, emphasizing the importance of avoiding their religious practices and worshipping only the LORD.

Context of Slavery in Ancient Israel

It is important to understand the context of slavery in ancient Israel. While slavery was common in that era, the laws of the Old Testament aimed to regulate and restrain the practices of slavery. These laws sought to provide protection to slaves and prevent the abuse of their rights. For instance, a master could not kill an injured slave in a fit of anger, as this would be considered murder. The laws also mandated that if a slave died during a beating, the master was to be held accountable.

Modern Perspective: The Apostle Paul's Teachings

While the Old Testament laws regarding slavery and violence offer valuable insights into the moral values of the time, Christians today often look to the teachings of the Apostle Paul for a more civil approach to such issues. In Ephesians 6:5–9, Paul writes, 'Slaves, be subject to your masters with all respect, not only to those who are good and considerate, but also to those who are lawless. For it is profitable for you to be subject, not only to avoid suffering, but also for various reasons. For the same reason, you also were circumcised with Christ, put aside the old way of life with its practices, and have been put into the new life of Christ. There you are no longer slaves, but fellow sons and heirs, as long as you are not evicted from the faith. It is a terrible thing to fall under the curse of the law, for it says, “Cursed is everyone who is not under the terms of the written code and does not obey all these commands.” We, however, are not under a curse, for it is written, “Through Christ Jesus, God has blessed those who do not follow the path of the law with his Holy Spirit.” ’

Conclusion

While the laws in Exodus 21:20-21 are steeped in the historical and cultural context of ancient Israel, they underscore the value of life and the importance of justice. They provide important lessons for us today, offering timeless guidance on how to treat others with dignity and respect. As we reflect on these laws, we can draw meaningful insights that can help us navigate our own complex moral and ethical dilemmas.

Keywords: Exodus 21:20-21, Biblical Laws, Hebrew Slavery