The Quest for Moral Objectivity: Understanding the Illusion and Reality of Human Morality

Understanding what is morally objective is a complex question, one that has puzzled philosophers and scholars for centuries. This article explores the nature of morality, the role of empathy, and the subjective nature of moral judgments, aiming to provide clarity on this frequently debated topic.

Defining Morality

Morality is often seen as a set of principles distinguishing right from wrong. However, the question arises: is there such a thing as objective morality, or is it purely a human construct?

The Role of Empathy in Morality

Empathy, a trait deeply ingrained in human beings through evolution, plays a crucial role in shaping moral principles. The famous Golden Rule, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you," serves as a universal touchstone. This rule reflects the human inclination to treat others with the same level of care and respect we desire for ourselves.

Why Morality Seems Objective

While empathy leads to near-universal moral principles, the illusion of objectivity arises when these widely shared traits are perceived as absolute. Nubile and healthy young adolescents often appear objectively beautiful, and we find such appearance sexually attractive due to our evolved preferences.

The Difficulty of Defining Objective Morality

The question of what is morally objective, much like many philosophical questions, is not easily answered. It requires a deep understanding of the nuances between subjective and objective, and the varying perspectives that influence moral judgments.

Exploring Objective Morality

Let’s consider the works of Austin Fagothey in “Right and Reason,” which succinctly addresses the complex nature of moral principles. Through his analysis, Fagothey sheds light on the subjective and objective elements of morality, making it easier to grasp the concept.

The Relativity of Moral Objectivity

Many religions offer codified moral guidelines, creating a sense of certainty for their followers. However, these principles often come with exceptions or subjective interpretations. Morality, even within religious frameworks, remains rooted in the subjective experiences and emotional responses of individuals.

Personal Justification and Subjectivity

Justifying the morality of actions, such as killing, often involves personal emotional responses rather than logical reasoning. For instance, the novel “The Stranger” by Albert Camus and the film “Monster” illustrate how the emotional understanding of individuals can change over time, sometimes leading to a reevaluation of previously held beliefs.

Developing Moral Objectivity

To arrive at moral objectivity, individuals must consider the principles they want to live by, reflecting on what is important across all cultures and living beings. A key aspect of moral objectivity involves understanding the purpose of life and the value of every individual’s journey.

Principles Based on Objectivity

For example, respecting the right to live for all individuals is a principle that can serve as a foundation for moral objectivity. However, exceptions are often made based on subjective perceptions of similarity and utility. It is crucial to extend empathy and understanding even in challenging circumstances.

The Importance of Personal Responsibility

Moral objectivity is inherently a personal journey. While principles can guide decision-making, ultimately, individuals must come to their own conclusions. Enforcing moral principles through force can often lead to the same discrepancies found in many religious doctrines where ambiguity remains.

Maintaining Personal Morals

The quest for moral objectivity involves thoughtful consideration and the development of a set of principles that reflect a balanced and empathetic view of the world. While others may have different viewpoints, adherence to one's own morals is crucial for personal integrity and ethical living.

In conclusion, while the concept of moral objectivity exists, it is deeply rooted in the subjective experiences of individuals. By understanding the role of empathy and the nature of subjective moral judgments, we can strive to develop a framework for ethical living that reflects a universally shared trait of humanity.