The Predicaments of African Literature: A Compendium of Challenges

African literature, a vibrant and rich tapestry of stories and narratives, is often beset with numerous challenges. These challenges, which span from the choice of language to the definition and scope of the genre itself, continue to shape its evolution and reception. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the key predicaments that African literature faces today, including the language barrier, the definition of African literature, and issues related to race and the diaspora.

The Language Dilemma in African Literature

The choice of language for African literature is one of the most controversial and enduring challenges. As early as the colonial period, this debate has been at the forefront of the African literary scene. Early pioneers like Ngugi wa Thiongo advocated for the use of indigenous African languages, arguing that these languages capture the African experience and culture more authentically. Ngugi famously stated, 'The native language is capable of loving and relating deeper to the fullness of African life than any colonial language.'

On the other hand, other prominent figures such as Chinua Achebe saw the utility of the colonizers’ language, primarily English, French, or Portuguese, due to its wider readership. Achebe, in his seminal work 'Arrow of God,' wrote, 'It would be a desert without the language in which one thinks with the greatest ease.' He went further to suggest that these colonial languages could be infused with an 'African flavour' to better reflect African cultural heritage.

Defining African Literature: A Vast and Varied Landscape

One of the most daunting challenges in African literature is defining what constitutes 'African literature.' The vastness and diversity of the continent make this task particularly complex. While many argue that literature written in African languages is the most authentic, others contend that literature written in languages of the colonizers can serve as a bridge to wider audiences. This debate is further complicated by the sheer number of indigenous languages spoken across Africa.

For instance, Africa has hundreds of native languages and tribes. How can one define African literature when it must encompass such a sweeping array of linguistic and cultural backgrounds? This question prompts discussions on how to ensure inclusivity and authenticity while maintaining a cohesive narrative. The quest to define African literature is like navigating a vast, multi-faceted landscape, where every step reveals new challenges and nuances.

Race and Authorship in African Literature

The issue of race is another significant predicament in African literature. Who can be considered an author of African literature? Historically, this has been a contentious issue. European-born individuals or individuals who identify as European, despite being born in Africa, often face scrutiny regarding their authorship claims. This raises fundamental questions about the intersection of race, identity, and literary heritage.

Consider the example of Ian Smith, the former Rhodesian prime minister, whose autobiography titled 'Great Betrayal' offers a unique perspective on Zimbabwean history. While some may argue that these narratives are not authentically African, others acknowledge the value of these perspectives in understanding the complexities of African history. The inclusion or exclusion of such works can significantly influence the readers' understanding and interpretation of African literature.

The Diaspora and its Literary Contributions

African literature is not confined to the continent alone. The literary contributions of those who have migrated abroad and others in the diaspora have added a new dimension to the genre. These authors bring with them unique perspectives and experiences that often reflect the challenges and opportunities faced by the African diaspora.

The literature of African diasporic communities, such as those in the USA and the Caribbean, provides a window into the struggles and triumphs of African descendants in the new world. Works like Derek Walcott's poetry and Alice Walker's novels offer a nuanced view of the African experience beyond the borders of the continent. However, the relevance and impact of these works on their African counterparts are sometimes debated, raising questions about the universal applicability of diasporic narratives.

In conclusion, the challenges facing African literature are multifaceted and require a nuanced approach. Whether it is the choice of language, the definition of the genre, or the issue of race and authorship, each challenge demands a deep understanding and a willingness to embrace diversity and inclusivity.