Literature
The Mysterious Fourth Krishna: The Epic Composers Ved Vyasa
The Mysterious Fourth Krishna: The Epic Composers Ved Vyasa
Introducing the fourth and often lesser-known Krishna in the Mahabharata is none other than the person who composed this revered epic himself, Ved Vyasa, also known as Krishna Dwaipayana. This article delves into the significance of Ved Vyasa in the Mahabharata and explores his various roles and actions within the narrative.
The Name Krishna Dwaipayana
The name Krishna Dwaipayana is a composite of two distinct terms:
‘Krishna’ translates to ‘dark skinned’, a reference to his physical appearance. ‘Dwaipayana’ means ‘island-born’, signifying his birth on an island in a river.These terms offer a glimpse into the humility and character of the Sage, as he did not allow his physical appearance to overshadow his ultimate purpose in the world.
Sigmatic Role in the Epic
Dwaipayana, more formally known as Ved Vyasa, plays a significant role in the Mahabharata. After the deaths of both Bhishma's sons, Satyavati, who was also known as Matsyagandha, approached Dwaipayana for a sacred ritual known as Niyoga. This practice allowed Dwaipayana to fulfill his duty and ensure the continuation of royal lineage. However, the Niyoga ritual came with its share of complications:
Niyoga and Its Consequences
Dwaipayana was allowed to perform the Niyoga for a maximum of three times in his lifetime. Both Ambika and Ambalika, the princesses, made mistakes during the ritual, resulting in the birth of sons with physical defects:
Dhritarashtra was born blind, attributed to Ambika keeping her eyes closed during the union. Pandu was born an albino, due to Ambalika's fear causing her to turn pale.Recognizing the need for a healthy heir, Satyavati sent Ambika again, this time with her maid in disguise. The maid made no mistake, and Dwaipayana blessed her with a healthy son:
Vidura, a wise and revered figure, was born as a result of this union. This son would play a crucial role in guiding the Pandavas.Wise and Revered Advisor
The narrative of the Mahabharata continues to emphasize Dwaipayana's role as a wise and respected figure. He not only plays a crucial role in the setup of the epic but also appears in pivotal moments, such as his final advice to the Pandavas before they embark on their final journey towards spiritual enlightenment.
Farewell Advice and Spiritual Enlightenment
The last mention of Dwaipayana in the epic is his profound advice to the Pandavas, urging them to renounce their worldly possessions and embark on a spiritual journey to achieve salvation. This act of wisdom shows the depth of his character and the overarching philosophic goals of the Mahabharata.
Conclusion
The fourth Krishna in the Mahabharata, Ved Vyasa, or more accurately, Krishna Dwaipayana, is not only the composer but also a central figure within the epic. His roles in the Niyoga ritual, the birth of Dhritarashtra, Pandu, and Vidura, and his final advice to the Pandavas, make him an indispensable part of the narrative. Understanding his contributions deepens our appreciation of the Mahabharata and its profound philosophical messages.