The Early Vampiric Fiction Pre-Dating Dracula: 'Carmilla' and Its Influence

Have you heard of the vampire novel 'Carmilla,' written by Sheridan Le Fanu in 1872, a decade before Bram Stoker's iconic 'Dracula'? This piece of early vampire fiction made its debut in the late 19th century and has since captivated readers worldwide. In this article, we will explore the history and significance of 'Carmilla' in the world of vampire literature.

Discovery and Recommendation

Did you know that 'Carmilla' was written in 1872, ten years before 'Dracula'? My friend introduced me to this novel, and it turned out to be a fascinating read. I recommend it. The book is not lengthy, making it easy to finish in a day. If you are interested, it might be worth your time to explore it.

A Brief History of Vampire Literature

The roots of vampire fiction can be traced back even further than 'Carmilla.' European vampire literature encompasses a rich history that predates even 'Varney the Vampire,' a penny dreadful serial that appeared more than fifty years before 'Dracula.'

One of the earliest vampire characters in English literature appears in Southey's 'Thalaba the Destroyer,' published in 1801. However, the foundational narrative of 'Carmilla' by Sheridan Le Fanu stands out for its depth and durability. 'Carmilla' was a social novel that introduced the world to a kind of vampire that was more complex and disturbing than what followed in much later works.

Carmilla, a novella, was published in 1872 and was later collected in Cruikshank's Ghost Stories and Minstrel Papers. The story centers around a young woman named Laura, who falls under the spell of the vampire Carmilla. The narrative explores themes of sexuality, female friendship, and the supernatural, making it a seminal piece in the vampire fiction genre.

Comparison with 'Dracula'

While 'Dracula' by Bram Stoker brought the vampire to the forefront of popular culture, 'Carmilla' laid the groundwork for this narrative. Stoker was undoubtedly influenced by Le Fanu's work, as well as other works in the vampire genre, including the 1819 poem 'The Vampyre' by John Polidori, which introduced the character of Lord Ruthven. However, 'Carmilla' was one of the earlier and more intricate portrayals of the vampire in literature.

Other Notable Works in the Genre

For those interested in exploring more works in the vampire genre, Sheridan Le Fanu's 'Green Tea' is another notable piece to consider. Similarly, Oliver Onions' 'The Beckoning Fair One' also offers a deep dive into the vampire narrative. Both stories have been heavily anthologized and are widely available, making them must-reads for any fan of the genre.

Conclusion

When discussing vampire fiction, it is crucial to recognize the influential works that preceded Bram Stoker's 'Dracula.' 'Carmilla' by Sheridan Le Fanu is a prime example of early vampire literature that has endured and inspired much of what came after. If you have the chance to read 'Carmilla,' you will likely find it a compelling and thought-provoking narrative.