Profit Motive in Pre-Modern Literature: A Study of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries

For centuries, the notion of profit as a driving factor in literary production has been a subject of debate among scholars and critics. While modern literature often clearly distinguishes between commercial and artistic endeavors, the historical context of pre-modern literature reveals a nuance that challenges this dichotomy. This article explores the question: did authors like Shakespeare write for profit, and how did this influence their creative endeavors?

The Case of Shakespeare: Writing for Profit

William Shakespeare is often referred to as a pioneering figure in modern literature, yet he wrote for profit. This is exemplified by the early success of his poetry, particularly 'Sonnets' and 'Venus and Adonis', which provided him with the financial stability to continue his theatrical endeavors. Critics may argue that Shakespeare fits more into the mold of 'modern' literature, but what is undeniable is that his primary motivation was financial gain.

Shakespeare's plays were intended as a means to an end—to earn a living through his craft. As evidenced by the financial records and historian accounts, the revenues from his theatrical productions provided him with the means to pursue his passion. The sales of 'Sonnets' and 'Venus and Adonis' were instrumental in establishing him as a writer whose work was valuable and marketable.

The Profit Motive in Pre-Modern Literature

It is essential to consider the broader context of pre-modern literature when discussing the profit motive. Authors, poets, and playwrights, including Shakespeare, hoped to exchange their art for some form of remuneration. This could range from a meager wage to the financial support needed to sustain their creative lives.

For many authors, the pursuit of profit did not only mean material gain; it often symbolized social and cultural advancement. In a society where opportunities for upward mobility were limited, literary success could open doors to greater recognition and status. This was particularly true for plays, which often reflected the tastes and preferences of the Elizabethan and Jacobean audiences.

Art and Commerce: A Blurred Line

The line between art and commerce was often blurred in pre-modern times. Many authors, poets, and playwrights wrote with the intention of earning a living, but they also hoped to contribute meaningfully to the cultural and intellectual life of their societies. Shakespeare's plays, for instance, were not just entertainments; they were vehicles for exploring complex social, political, and philosophical themes.

This dual purpose—a combination of profit and artistic expression—became a defining characteristic of pre-modern literature. Authors like Shakespeare did not merely write for posterity or academic study; they crafted works intended to be performed, read, and enjoyed by contemporary audiences. Their commercial success was crucial not only for their personal financial stability but also for the perpetuation and transformation of cultural traditions.

Conclusion: Reevaluating Literary Motivations

The question of whether authors like Shakespeare wrote for profit in pre-modern literature is not a straightforward one. It requires a nuanced understanding of the historical and cultural contexts in which they lived. By examining the financial records, critical essays, and historical accounts, we can better appreciate the complex interplay between commercial success and artistic achievement in the literary works of the past.

Understanding the profit motive in pre-modern literature helps us to reevaluate traditional notions of artistic and commercial intent. It reminds us that, just as in modern times, writers and artists in the past similarly navigated the intersection of art and commerce, striving to create works that were both financially viable and culturally significant.