Polyandry in Hindu Mythology: Beyond Draupadi

In ancient Indian mythology and literature, the concept of polyandry, where a woman has more than one husband, is a fascinating yet rare occurrence. While Draupadi from the Mahabharata is the most well-known figure associated with this practice, there are other notable examples that add depth to our understanding of this subject.

The Case of Gandhari

Gandhari, the wife of Dhritarashtra, is often portrayed in some retellings and folk tales as having a relationship with multiple men, in particularly in the context of her sons. Despite this, her primary association is with her marriage to Dhritarashtra. This reflects the overall trend in Hindu texts where polyandry is less common, with Draupadi being the most prominent figure linked to this practice.

Infrequent mentions of Marisha: The Tale of Ten Brothers

Some lesser-known texts mention situations where women take multiple husbands, often in specific circumstances or as a result of divine boons. In a rather unheard story, lies the tale of Marisha, the wife of the ten Prachetas brothers.

Celestial courtesan Pramolchaa was sent to the earth to seduce and break the tapas (austerities) of sage Kandu. Kandu was so enchanted that he wanted her to stay longer and eventually, she became his wife for 987 years before returning to heaven. Marisha, the child of this union, was dropped by her mother on wide tree leaves. The wind then carried her to the moon, where Soma (the moon god) adopted her and raised her as his own daughter, naming her 'Marisha' which means 'born of dewdrop'. Marisha grew up to be extremely beautiful.

The Ten Prachetas and Marisha

Among Prithu’s descendants was King Prachinvarhi, who married a sea daughter named Savarna. Together, they had 10 sons collectively known as the Prachetas. The Prachetas conducted powerful penances in the ocean for many years, gaining magical powers. Upon returning to the earth, they found it richly covered by forests. Angered, they began burning the forests, but Soma intervened, warning of the dire consequences of their actions. To pacify them, Soma offered his daughter, Marisha, in marriage to the 10 Prachetas.

In her previous life, Marisha was a childless widow and was blessed by Lord Vishnu that in her next life, she would be married to ten powerful gods and have a child who would be the father of all creations. True to her destiny, Marisha gave birth to Daksh Prajapati, who went on to father the earth (Daksh means 'earthly').

While Draupadi remains the most prominent figure associated with polyandry in Hindu mythology, stories like the one of Marisha expand our understanding of this practice. These narratives not only illustrate the diversity of ancient Indian thought but also explore the complex dynamics of social and spiritual relationships.