Jane Austen's Critique of Romantic Expectations: A Study of Samuel Richardson's Influence

At the end of Chapter 3 of Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen refers to an essay by Samuel Richardson, critiquing the conventions of romance and the societal expectations placed on women. This reflects Austen's characteristic irony and her commentary on the nature of love and courtship in her time.

Samuel Richardson's Essay on Courtship and Love

Richardson, a renowned 18th-century author, published an essay titled Advice to Unmarried Ladies in the Rambler, a weekly magazine. This piece highlights the societal norms of romance during Austen's era and provides a stark contrast to the attitudes of contemporary times.

The Original Text and Context

Richardson's essay includes the following passage:

"That a young lady should be in love and the love of the young gentleman undeclared is an heterodoxy which prudence and even policy must not allow. But thus applied to she is all resignation to her parents. Charming resignation which inclination opposes not."

This excerpt from Richardson's essay underscores the rigid expectations placed on women in matters of love and courtship. Austen uses this reference to critique the absurdity and often impractical nature of such conventions.

Jane Austen's Use of Irony and Critique

Austen uses this reference to highlight the surreal nature of the societal expectations and the absurdity of romantic conventions. Her critique is evident in the way she employs irony to expose the flawed logic behind these conventional norms. The narrator in Northanger Abbey is thoughtful and cautious in their approach, suggesting a dose of common sense and caution to avoid misunderstandings and heartache.

Changing Attitudes in 18th-Century Society

The Rambler essay also sheds light on the evolving attitudes towards women's behavior in society. Richardson mentions that the behavior of young women at church, which was once seen as a forward and disgraceful behavior, has significantly changed over time. This change reflects the shift in societal norms and expectations.

Beyond Conversation and Courtship

In the era of the Spectator, young ladies were typically seen performing domestic duties, with limited social gatherings and entertainment options. This strict adherence to virtuous behavior, such as modesty and diffidence, was highly valued in women. Richardson himself, earlier, viewed such women with reverence, believing that their behavior was indicative of their virtue and suitability for marriage.

A Critique of Modern Society

However, Richardson's perspective has evolved, indicating that modern society has become more permissive and less concerned with the strictures of propriety. The essay also reflects on the negative consequences of such changes, noting the general neglect of domestic responsibilities and the prevalence of idle amusements and vices.

Austen's Perspective on Love and Courtship

Austen's critique of romance and courtship in Northanger Abbey is nuanced and complex. She challenges the conventions of her time through a rich tapestry of irony and social commentary. By referencing Richardson's essay, Austen highlights the absurdity of the societal norms and the need for a more balanced and practical approach to love and marriage.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Jane Austen's critique of romantic expectations and societal norms in Northanger Abbey is profound and enduring. By drawing reference to Samuel Richardson's essay, Austen provides a window into the complex social dynamics of her time, urging readers to question and rethink the conventional wisdom of love and courtship. This essay serves as a testament to Austen's sharp observations and her unwavering commitment to literary and social critique.