Howard Roark's Smoking Choices and His Approach to Exercise in 'The Fountainhead'

Howard Roark, the enigmatic and rebellious protagonist of The Fountainhead, written by Ayn Rand, embodies the philosophy of Objectivism, which champions individualism and rational self-interest. His decision to smoke cigarettes and his approach to exercise have often puzzled readers, given the conventional wisdom that these behaviors can be harmful. However, these choices are deeply intertwined with Roark's character and his commitment to his principles.

Understanding Roark's Smoking Choices

Howard Roark's smoking can be seen as a reflection of his defiance of societal norms. In The Fountainhead, Rand presents Roark as someone who values personal choice and authenticity over societal expectations. His smoking is a deliberate act of rebellion against the conventions of his time. While it is commonly believed that smoking is irrational due to the harm it may cause, Rand's portrayal suggests that such choices are rational within the framework of Objectivism. This philosophy emphasizes that individuals should live according to their own values and not conform to the opinions of others.

It has been argued that The Fountainhead was published in 1943, long before cigarettes were conclusively linked to cancer. This fact does not diminish the philosophical implications of Roark's smoking choices. In a context where the risks of smoking were largely unknown, Roark's decision to smoke can be seen as an assertion of his independence and individuality. Rand might not have considered the health implications in depth, focusing instead on the character's adherence to his values and principles.

Roark's Approach to Exercise: A Reflection of His Values

Unlike many characters, Howard Roark is not depicted as someone who follows a strict regimen of exercise. His physical activity is often tied to his work and his passionate engagement with architecture, which he considers a form of self-expression. Roark's focus is primarily on his creative endeavors and personal integrity rather than on maintaining a specific fitness routine. This suggests that he prioritizes his values and passions over conforming to societal standards of health and fitness.

Rand portrays Roark as a man who values authenticity and purpose. His dedication to his work and his architectural designs is a testament to his commitment to his principles. For Roark, exercise and fitness are not the primary requirements of his life; instead, they are part of his overall life experience. His approach to exercise reflects his belief in living authentically and pursuing his passions rather than adhering to external ideals.

Objectivism and Rational Egoism

The philosophy of Objectivism, championed by Ayn Rand, posits that rational egoism is the only rational ethical stance. According to this philosophy, individuals should pursue their own self-interest and personal goals, without compromising their values. In this context, Roark's smoking and his approach to exercise may be seen as rational choices, as long as they align with his overall principles and do not conflict with them.

Saulius Muliolis made a crucial point when he highlighted that, in a system of rational egoism, it is not necessarily irrational to engage in behaviors that may be harmful, as long as the individual values the benefits and is willing to accept the risks. Rand’s portrayal of Roark suggests that he values authenticity and personal integrity over societal standards, even if those standards are based on prevailing health and fitness norms.

Moreover, Ayn Rand emphasized the importance of individuals making their own choices and bearing the consequences. From Roark's perspective, smoking and physical activity are personal choices that do not compromise his overarching values. Even if these choices may be seen as harmful from a conventional viewpoint, they are rational in the context of Objectivism, as long as they align with his individual principles.

For Roark, the decision to smoke and his approach to exercise are part of his authentic life, reflecting his commitment to his principles and his values. These choices may be perceived as irrational from an external perspective, but within the philosophical framework presented in The Fountainhead, they are perfectly rational and reflective of his character.