Exploring the Art of Historical Fiction: Changing the Appearance and Gender of Historical Figures

The purpose of historical fiction and historical fantasy is to explore possibilities that did not exist or were never realized. One of the potent tools creators have in their arsenal is the ability to change the appearance and gender of real historical figures. This practice not only enhances the narrative but also delves into the complexities of identity and the cultural baggage associated with gender and appearance. By altering these aspects, authors can offer new perspectives and engage readers in meaningful dialogue about what it means to be a specific gender or have certain physical attributes.

But does changing these aspects mean you are truly writing historical fiction or is it simply a form of contrapuntal history? To fully understand this, we must first define what historical fiction entails. Traditional historical fiction aims to accurately portray a specific time and place, grounded in factual events. However, when creators choose to change the appearance and gender of historical figures, they are not merely reproducing a faithful version of history. Instead, they are exploring alternative scenarios and creating new stories that exist in a realm of imagination.

What is the Difference between Historical Fiction and Contrapuntal History?

Contrapuntal history, often referred to as counterfactual history, involves the exploration of what could have happened if historical events had taken a different path. This type of fiction frequently changes key details, including the appearance and gender of historical figures. However, it is important to note that while these stories are set in historical context, they are not based on fact. They are, in essence, a form of speculative fiction or fantasy, rather than historical fiction.

Why Change Appearance and Gender?

The act of changing the appearance and gender of a historical figure is not merely an aesthetic choice. It allows authors to explore complex social and cultural issues through contrast with known historical realities. For example, asking 'What if a queen had the same power as a king in the 16th century?' or 'How would the world have reacted if Adolf Hitler were a woman?' These questions encourage readers to ponder the deeply ingrained societal norms and expectations that shape our understanding of gender and appearance.

Abandoning the Label of Historical Fiction

Since changing the appearance and gender of historical figures fundamentally alters the nature of the narrative, it is more accurate to label such works as 'costume dramas' or 'fantasy fiction based in a certain time or place.' This change in terminology acknowledges that these stories, while inspired by history, are not bound by its factual constraints. Instead, they exist in a realm of imaginative exploration where anything is possible.

The Ethical Considerations

Authors who change the appearance and gender of historical figures must also consider the ethical implications of their work. While it may attract readers initially, there is a risk of backlash if the representation is not handled thoughtfully. Readers may become accustomed to the real historical figure and feel deceived or misled when the character is altered. Therefore, creators must ensure that their portrayal is respectful and grounded in a comprehensive understanding of the cultural context.

An Example: Female Hitler and Female Henry VIII

A fundamental point must be made that changing a known historical figure, such as Adolf Hitler or Henry VIII, to another gender does not make the work 'historical.' For instance, a female Adolf Hitler in Nazi Germany would not be considered historical fiction because these events did not unfold historically. Similarly, creating a female equivalent of Henry VIII would require extensive research to ensure credibility and plausibility.

However, if an author decides to create a female dictator in a futuristic America, they would need to conduct thorough research to explore the plausibility of such a character while maintaining the fictional nature of their narrative. This type of story would be more accurately described as dystopian or speculative fiction, rather than historical.

In conclusion, the practice of changing the appearance and gender of real historical figures in historical fiction and fantasy serves as an excellent playground for exploring complex themes and shedding light on cultural biases. However, it is crucial for authors to understand the distinction between pure historical fiction and contrapuntal history and to acknowledge the ethical considerations involved. By doing so, they can create compelling and meaningful narratives that engage and provoke thought.