Understanding Creon's Harsh Law in Antigone

Creon, the king of Thebes in the ancient Greek drama Antigone, introduces a harsh and controversial decree that forbidden the burial of Polynices. This law stems from Creon's fear, personal vendetta, and his perceived duty to preserve the state's harmony and order. This article delves into the multifaceted reasons behind Creon's decision, explores the passage that explains his rationale, and examines the state of the body of Antigone when she is discovered unhurried by divine laws.

Creon's Fear and Personal Vendetta

Creon's initial fear and personal vendetta against Polynices are intricately linked. Polynices is the son of the disgraced old king, and because of a dispute over succession, he was, and Creon declared, to be a traitor to the city. Creon fears an uprising, as Polynices had a significant following due to his noble blood and the promise to lead Thebes against their enemies. This fear is exacerbated by the belief that Polynices’ unrest could destabilize the kingdom, threatening Creon's throne and his newly acquired power.

Creon's Perception of State Justice

Creon's law is rooted in his perceptions of state justice and order. He believes that following the laws of the state is a matter of supreme importance. By not allowing Polynices a proper burial, Creon aims to set a strong precedent and demonstrate the power of the state over individual rights. He views himself as the ultimate arbiter of what is right and just, and any intervention by individuals, even for what may appear to be a noble act, is seen as a challenge to his rule.

Exposing Creon's Motivations: A Key Passage

A crucial passage in Sophocles' Antigone reveals Creon's motivation. Antigone, after being confronted by Haemon about her defiance, states: "Since I was born, I have known no law that allows a traitor?to be buried with honors." (Antigone, 410-412). However, it is Creon himself who more explicitly expresses his justification for the law. In an infamous exchange, Creon tells Haemon: "But should I let his traitorous corpse lie to the wild birds, and let both sky and earth mock his body in the craven act of burial, knowing that I have put him to death? No, no. Death is his penance for an impious and traitorous act, and any who would do likewise will share that fate." (Antigone, 755-760). This dialogue underscores Creon's belief that any act of defiance against his law is an act of treason, and thus, all violators should face the same fate.

Antigone's Capture and the State of Her Body

When Antigone is finally captured, she has toiled to give her brother a proper burial, a deed she firmly believed was an act of divine duty. Trapped and restrained, Antigone is unable to move freely. She is described as being in a state of willing compliance but sadly weakened and vulnerable. Referencing the play, the state of Antigone's body can be described as: "She is weak, still dressed in funeral clothes, and bound with cords." This line (Antigone, 1320) highlights the irony of her situation, as she has suffered greatly in her pursuit of justice, yet it is her adherence to these same principles that leads to her capture and eventual suffering.

Conclusion: The Consequences of Creon's Decree

Creon's harsh law, rooted in fear, personal vendetta, and a rigid perception of state justice, has far-reaching consequences. Not only does it upset the moral and ethical balance of human relationships, but it also directly impacts the lives of those who challenge it. Antigone's story is a powerful reminder of the complexities and human costs of such political decisions. It serves as a stark warning about the potential for personal beliefs to deviate from the broader principles of justice and compassion.