Bharati: The Shakespearean Influence in Tamil Literature

In the realm of Tamil literature, no name is more synonymous with literary genius and social reform than Subramania Bharati. Often compared to the English literary giant William Shakespeare, Bharati's profound impact on modern Tamil literature is unparalleled. This article explores the reasons behind this comparison and highlights his significant contributions to Tamil poetry, drama, and activism.

Subramania Bharati: A Literary Titan

Chinnaswami Subramania Bharati, popularly known as Bharathi, was born on December 11, 1882, in Ettayapuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Bharati was a polymath, excelling as a writer, poet, journalist, Indian independence activist, and social reformer. His journey through life, marked by both acclaim and adversity, has left an indelible mark on Tamil literature and the struggle for Indian independence.

Pioneering Contributions to Tamil Literature

Bharati's influence on Tamil literature is profound and multifaceted. He was a prolific writer, renowned for his innovative use of language, thematic breadth, and social and patriotic themes. His works, spanning poetry, essays, and plays, continue to resonate with contemporary readers and performers. Some of his notable works include Panchali Sapatham, Pappa Pattu, Kannan Pattu, Kuyil Pattu, and many others. His use of Nondi Chindu metre and simple, yet powerful, language set a new standard for Tamil poetry.

Comparisons to Shakespeare

The comparison between Subramania Bharati and Shakespeare is not just a formal similarity but one rooted in their profound influence on language, culture, and the dramatic arts within their respective traditions. Both Bharati and Shakespeare were trailblazers in their fields, using their literary prowess to both entertain and enlighten, while also driving social and political change. Bharati's patriotic fervor and his ability to craft verses that inspired nationalistic fervor are reminiscent of Shakespeare's emotive and thought-provoking works.

The Omission of Kalki Ra Krishnamurthy

While Subramania Bharati's contributions are well-documented, another influential figure in Tamil literature often goes unnoticed: Kalki Ra Krishnamurthy. Despite his significant contributions to Tamil literature, particularly in drama, his work is largely overshadowed by Bharati. Kalki's pioneering efforts in enabling musicians to sing Tamil songs independently of classical compositions have left an enduring legacy. His influence extended beyond literature to support the growth of Tamil music and culture.

A Forgotten Giant: Kalki Ra Krishnamurthy

Kalki Ra Krishnamurthy is a name often omitted from discussions about Tamil literature, a fact that puzzles many. His historic novels and short stories have enriched contemporary Tamil literature, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation for Tamil culture. Kalki's advocacy for singer-performers and his role in allowing them to present purely Tamil songs for extended sessions have left a significant impact on Tamil music and culture. However, his contributions are generally overlooked by many, including Quorans and Tamil enthusiasts.

Legacy and Impact

Bharati's legacy continues to thrive through his incredible body of work. His poetry, known for its vivid imagery and progressive ideals, has been widely adapted for Tamil cinema and remains a staple in the repertoire of Tamil artistes worldwide. His revolutionary writings, often calling for social and political change, earned him the ire of the British authorities, leading to his deportation to Pondicherry. Despite the challenges, Bharati's influence on Tamil literature and the national movement for Indian independence remains indelible.

Conclusion

Subramania Bharati, compared to Shakespeare for his profound impact and shared cultural significance, is a towering figure in Tamil literature. His contributions extend far beyond his poetry and drama into activism and social reform. Kalki Ra Krishnamurthy, another significant figure, deserves greater recognition for his pioneering work in enriching Tamil literature and culture. Both Bharati and Kalki have left an indelible mark on Tamil literature and continue to inspire new generations of writers and artists.