Autism, Not a Disorder: Understanding the Cognitive Approach to ASD

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is diagnosed and defined based on the presence of surface symptoms. It is important to understand that autism is a neurological condition that stems from birth, rather than a disease or a disorder in the traditional medical sense. This is why it cannot be cured; the behavioral labels assigned do not equate to a medical condition.

The Evolution of Autism Diagnosis

Firstly, it is crucial to recognize that Asperger's, once seen as a separate diagnosis, has now been integrated into the Autism Spectrum Disorder category. The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) and ICD (International Classification of Diseases) have deprecated the distinction between Asperger's and ASD Level 1, stating that the differences are not significant enough to differentiate them from general ASD.

Asperger's is often referred to as the higher functioning end of the autism spectrum, with individuals typically able to assimilate well, converse, drive, and live independent lives. On the other end of the spectrum, Level 2 and 3 ASD individuals may face more significant challenges, including the inability to live independently, requiring lifelong support in group homes or with family members.

The Neurological Basis of Autism

Autism is rooted in neurological differences that begin at birth. Research indicates that the different hemispheres of an autistic person's brain are distinct and more individualized than those of neurotypical individuals. This unique cognitive structure can lead to a different perception of the world, often described as living on a different planet (Mars) compared to the rest of the world (Venus). Consequently, there is often a disconnect between the neurotypical and autistic experiences, making social interaction challenging.

The differences manifest in various ways. Many autistic individuals feel like they are “on the outside, looking in”, while others experience sensory overloads, making them feel irritable. These unique neurological features differentiate autism from other conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which typically manifest later in life.

Autism and Environmental Factors

The development of autism can be influenced by both environmental and biological factors. Genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, such as the rubella virus (Congenital Rubella Syndrome, CRS), have been linked to the onset of autism. In the case of CRS, the rubella virus, although often mild, can be severely detrimental to fetal development, disrupt brain development, and ultimately contribute to autism.

Conclusion: Valuing Autistic Lives

Understanding autism as a cognitive difference rather than a disorder opens up new avenues for support and accommodation. For individuals like Robert J. Bernstein, treating autism involves a unique cognitive approach that recognizes and values the individual's experiences and differences. By separating autism from other diagnoses and recognizing its roots in neurological diversity, we can foster a more inclusive and supportive society.